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  • The effect of vanillic acid on the level of alkaline phosphatase in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

  • Khadijeh Afshoun,1 Mohammadreza Pourmohammad,2 Jina Khayatzadeh,3,* Javad Baharara,4 Saeedeh Zafar Balanejad,5
    1. Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
    2. Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
    3. Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
    4. Department of Biology and Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
    5. Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran


  • Introduction: Studies on stem cells have created a new opportunity to treat some bone disorders, including defects in bone repair. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanillic acid on the level of alkaline phosphatase in the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
  • Methods: For this purpose, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of Wistar rats and identified with specific antibodies against surface markers CD45, CD44 and CD31. Mesenchymal stem cells of rat bone marrow were treated with different concentrations of vanillic acid. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT method after 48 hours. Alkaline phosphatase level was measured using the corresponding commercial kit.
  • Results: The results of the treatment of the cells showed that vanillic acid had no significant effect on the viability of these cells up to a concentration of less than 0.5 μM; The concentration that led to the death of 50% of the cells was equal to 10 μM, and higher concentrations led to the death of cells in the first hours of the treatment, therefore, the concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 μM were chosen to investigate the advancement of cell differentiation. Alizarin staining showed rejection. Vanillic acid led to bone differentiation on day 21 in a dose-dependent manner, and alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the treatment groups on day 10 than in the control group.
  • Conclusion: The results of this study showed that vanillic acid increases osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of Wistar rats.
  • Keywords: vanillic acid, rat, alkaline phosphatase, mesenchymal stem cells

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