INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
PharmacoGenetics
Lipid nanomaterials-based RNA therapy and Lung cancer treatment
-
Neda Zahmatkesh,1,*
1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
- Introduction: The launch of several RNA-based treatments Targeted nucleic acid sequence delivery can be made possible via RNA treatments to correct particular genetic abnormalities or defects. RNA has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for several disorders due to its purportedly exceptional therapeutic properties. The following are some benefits of RNA therapies: (i) The potential for very safe, comparatively inexpensive patient-specific medicines. (ii) therapies may require various types of encoded RNA to accomplish different cell-regulating tasks. (iii) The synthesis and design of the RNA sequence are rather straightforward. Most notably, RNA therapies preserve the host genome in contrast to DNA therapies since they do not require nuclear membrane entry to start cytoplasmic protein translation. The traits above have prompted the development of more precise and individualized treatments for various ailments. There are two types of common RNA therapeutic approaches: coding and noncoding. The coding RNA technique primarily involves gene activation, which initiates the creation of coded-protein antigens. It influences the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and antibodies, which in turn causes associated immunity. On the other hand, other trace amounts of coding RNA regulate constitutive and functional protein synthesis and activation, which can be applied in protein supplementation treatment. The noncoding RNA (ncRNA) method suppresses one or more related genes to prevent the synthesis of proteins with encoded sequences. With an annual growth rate of 11.4% for new cases, lung cancer is the most deadly cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. There are two types of lung cancer: small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This study looked into RNA therapy based on lipid nanoparticles and their application to lung cancer treatment.
- Methods: Lipid nanomaterials-based RNA therapy and Lung cancer treatment is the title of the current study. It was conducted by scanning academic databases, including Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
- Results: The efficacy of existing medicines is limited by the heterogeneity and adaptability of lung cancer. As a result, RNA-based therapies with the potential to combat cancer are of tremendous interest. The high surface area of nanoparticles and their easy synthesis into therapeutic RNA nanoparticles make them beneficial. Zhao et al. created lipid-polycation-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for VEGF siRNA delivery in a human lung cancer mouse model as part of early-phase liposomal DDS research. By inhibiting rapamycin and activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, these nanoparticles demonstrated effective antitumor effects that were comparable to those of the anticancer medication metformin. Additionally, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, or MSNPs, are thought to be another potent DDS. Dilnawaz et al. created DDSs for the treatment of lung cancer, which used the MSNPs to deliver anticancer medications (such as docetaxel or etoposide) with survivin siRNA. They proposed that the use of high-dose co-deliver medicines in vitro had a notable apoptotic effect on this system. Polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized siRNA/MSNPs fixed on electrospun nanofibers were reported by Nascimento et al. Disrupting the proliferation of cancer cells is an additional method of cancer treatment. Even if scientists have found several siRNA that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells in recent years, the majority of them are frequently linked to unfavourable side effects. Thus, more study is needed in the area of creating siRNA DDSs with less systemic side effects.
- Conclusion: Using novel nanocarriers as drug delivery vehicles offers special benefits for RNA-based technologies utilizing nanoplatforms. Bioactive compounds can be efficiently prevented from degrading during administration by maintaining the structural stability of nanoplatforms. Most notably, therapeutic RNA combined with nanocarrier delivery offers high biocompatibility, enabling medications to target particular cells and tissues and effectively cross biological barriers. Additionally, patients undergoing treatment can reduce unwanted inflammation in tissue or organs, improving the therapeutic effect, due to its biocompatibility and stability. These distinct benefits have shown that treatments aided by nanotechnology have a promising future. Many disciplines (such as chemistry, material science, biology, and medicine) have invested a great deal of time and energy into designing, developing, and testing RNA-targeting nanoplatforms with unique properties. While miRNA-based therapies have great promise for wound healing, we think mRNA therapeutics will continue to be investigated for the creation of novel vaccines.
- Keywords: Nanomaterials, RNA, Lung Cancer, Sirna/Msnps
