INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
PharmacoGenetics
Changes in The Microbiota in Colon Cancer Detection - in Personalized
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Neda Zahmatkesh,1,*
1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
- Introduction: Since microbiota are influential in many physiological systems of the body, including the immune system, it can be an effective tool for individual-oriented medical use. Microbiota refers to all the microorganisms present in the organs and different parts of a person's body, but the meaning of microbiome is the genetic content and the set of functions and benefits of microorganisms for the host body. The development of 165 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing methods has led to our better understanding of the diversity of microbial species present in the microbiota. The difference between the microbiota composition of healthy people and cancer patients can be used in personalized medicine to identify the pattern of microbiota change that indicates a certain type of cancer. Recently, evidence has revealed the role of disturbance in the composition of host microbiota in the development of cancers. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in causing cancer by causing inflammation or growth factor induction, which makes it a suitable target for Personalized Medicine interventions. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization in 2018, colon cancer is the third most common cancer in Iran with 9% of all cases and 4.7% of deaths. The aim of this study was to investigate Changes in the microbiota of people in colon cancer detection - in Personalized Medicine.
- Methods: The present study is titled Changes in the microbiota of people in colon cancer detection which was done by searching scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
- Results: The results of numerous types of research have shown that among the environmental factors in causing intestinal cancer, the role of microorganisms is more important than before so about 20% of the world's cancers are attributed to microbial microorganisms inside the intestinal tract. The large intestine contains 70% of the total microbiota of the body. Part of the microbial population protects the human body against intestinal cancer by inducing immune tolerance and neutralizing fungal pathogenic factors. However, it seems that another part of the microbiota plays a major role in the occurrence and progression of cancer by creating carcinogenic substances and metabolites or toxins or affecting the immune system. Some bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis and Enterococcus faecalis damage the DNA of human cells by producing enterotoxin. Sulfidogenic bacteria such as Fusobacterium and Bilophylla produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide disrupts the repair process of DNA genetic material and at the same time accelerates cell division. The presence of Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteria, which is a subgroup of Streptococcus bovis bacteria, has been reported in 71% of colon cancer patients. Unlike Streptococcus gallolyticus, other subspecies of Streptococcus bovis have been observed in 17% of these patients, which suggests a link between this bacterium and colon cancer. An increase in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus, Campylobacter and Shigella and a decrease in Clostridium, Biora and Blasia have also been found in colon cancer patients. Due to the active role of microbiota in causing this cancer, efforts have been made to identify and create differential microbial patterns between patients and healthy people. The presence or absence or the abundance of bacteria and types of microbial species during an examination of patients' stool samples can be a practical method of using microbiota for diagnostic procedures. Metabolites produced by the microbiota in faeces are another way to diagnose. For example, the amount of short-chain fatty acids produced by microbiota, which includes acetate butyrate and other compounds, is lower in the faeces of colon cancer patients than in other people.
- Conclusion: Since the composition of the microbiota is known to be an effective factor in causing disease or maintaining health, personalized medicine helps to identify patterns of microbiota change during disease development by using tools. personalized medicine aims to extract the composition of microbiota in all people and the pattern of microbial change in all diseases soon. Identifying the pattern of microbiota change in the disease first leads to the progress of diagnostic processes and then easy and efficient specific treatment. In the future, personalized medicine seeks to reveal more and more the connections between microbiota and body diseases, including cancers, and to use them in practice.
- Keywords: Microbiota, Colon Cancer, Personalized Medicine, Ribosomal
